Definition: Prostaglandins are substances produced naturally by the body. They are derived from fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid or linoleic acid and they act as mediators for a variety of physiologic functions including protecting the stomach lining, regulating blood pressure, mediating pain and inflammation, regulating the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, and the dilation and constriction of blood vessels.
When there is an injury to the body, prostaglandins cause blood vessels to dilate and increase their permeability to fluid and proteins. This results in swelling and increased temperature of the affected area. Prostaglandins also increase the sensitivity of nerve endings to pain.
Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work to reduce pain and inflammation, in part, by reducing prostaglandin production (synthesis) in the body.
