ACL and PCL Injuries - Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are the two major ligaments in the knee that work together to provide stability in the knee. They cross each other and form an 'X' which allows the knee to flex and extend without side to side movement.
Watch a video about the ACL
Injuries to these cruciate ligaments of the knee are typically sprains. The ACL is most often stretched, or torn by a sudden twisting motion while the feet remain planted.
ACL and PCL Injuries Causes
Both the ACL and PCL can be injured or torn by a sudden twisting of the knee joint.PCL injuries (image) are likely with impacts to the front of the knee, or from hyper-extending the knee. The PCL can also be injured by a direct impact from the outside of the knee joint, such as those that occur during soccer or football.
ACL injuries, including partial or complete tears, can occur when an athlete changes direction rapidly, twists without moving the feet, slows down abruptly, or misses a landing from a jump. This type of movement may cause the ACL to stretch to the point of tearing.
The degree of injury to the ACL may determine the type of treatment recommended.
Cruciate ligament injuries don't always cause pain, but typically a loud popping sound can be heard at the time of the injury.
ACL and PCL Injury Treatment
Incomplete ACL and PCL tears are treated conservatively to allow the body to hear on its own. Rest, ice, compression and elevation are the immediate treatment. Anti-inflammatory medications and Nsaids can help reduce pain. Physical therapy is often recommended to regain and build muscle strength over time.For a complete tear of the ACL Arthroscopic surgery and ACL Reconstruction is usually performed.
